@article {granger_cortical_2020,
	title = {Cortical ChAT(+) neurons co-transmit acetylcholine and GABA in a target- and brain-region-specific manner.},
	journal = {eLife},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2020},
	abstract = {The mouse cerebral cortex contains neurons that express choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and are a potential local source of acetylcholine. However, the neurotransmitters released by cortical ChAT(+) neurons and their synaptic connectivity are unknown. We show that the nearly all cortical ChAT(+) neurons in mice are specialized VIP(+) interneurons that release GABA strongly onto other inhibitory interneurons and acetylcholine sparsely onto layer 1 interneurons and other VIP(+)/ChAT(+) interneurons. This differential transmission of ACh and GABA based on the postsynaptic target neuron is reflected in VIP(+)/ChAT(+) interneuron pre-synaptic terminals, as quantitative molecular analysis shows that only a subset of these are specialized to release acetylcholine. In addition, we identify a separate, sparse population of non-VIP ChAT(+) neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex with a distinct developmental origin that robustly release acetylcholine in layer 1. These results demonstrate both cortex-region heterogeneity in cortical ChAT(+) interneurons and target-specific co-release of acetylcholine and GABA.},
	keywords = {*Acetylcholine, *cortical interneurons, *GABA, *mouse, *neuromodulation, *neuroscience, *neurotransmitter co-release, *VIP, Acetylcholine/*metabolism, Animals, Brain/*metabolism, Cerebral Cortex/metabolism, Choline O-Acetyltransferase/*metabolism, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism, Heterozygote, Interneurons/metabolism, Mice, Neurons/*metabolism, Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism, Presynaptic Terminals/metabolism},
	issn = {2050-084X},
	doi = {10.7554/eLife.57749},
	author = {Granger, Adam J. and Wengang Wang and Robertson, Keiramarie and El-Rifai, Mahmoud and Zanello, Andrea F. and Bistrong, Karina and Saunders, Arpiar and Chow, Brian W. and Nu{\~n}ez, Vicente and Garc{\'\i}a, Miguel Turrero and Harwell, Corey C. and Gu, Chenghua and Bernardo L. Sabatini}
}
